An opaque raster layer (Esri Wayback imagery, 2014-02-20) is added
above every layer of a vector basemap (OpenFreeMap Liberty),
with raster-dem terrain enabled. View ~zoom 17.
Terrain: on
With terrain ON, the basemap's symbol labels (e.g. "White House", "The West Wing", "West Colonnade") render on top of the imagery, even though the imagery layer sits above them in the style. Toggle terrain OFF and the imagery correctly hides the labels. The labels only bleed at high zoom (~z16+).